Module javafx.graphics
Package javafx.application

Class Application

java.lang.Object
javafx.application.Application
Direct Known Subclasses:
Preloader
public abstract class Application
extends Object
Application class from which JavaFX applications extend.

Life-cycle

The entry point for JavaFX applications is the Application class. The JavaFX runtime does the following, in order, whenever an application is launched:

  1. Starts the JavaFX runtime, if not already started (see Platform.startup(Runnable) for more information)
  2. Constructs an instance of the specified Application class
  3. Calls the init() method
  4. Calls the start(javafx.stage.Stage) method
  5. Waits for the application to finish, which happens when either of the following occur:
    • the application calls Platform.exit()
    • the last window has been closed and the implicitExit attribute on Platform is true
  6. Calls the stop() method

Note that the start method is abstract and must be overridden. The init and stop methods have concrete implementations that do nothing.

The Application subclass must be declared public and must have a public no-argument constructor.

Calling Platform.exit() is the preferred way to explicitly terminate a JavaFX Application. Directly calling System.exit(int) is an acceptable alternative, but doesn't allow the Application stop() method to run.

A JavaFX Application should not attempt to use JavaFX after the FX toolkit has terminated or from a ShutdownHook, that is, after the stop() method returns or System.exit(int) is called.

Note: The JavaFX classes must be loaded from a set of named javafx.* modules on the module path. Loading the JavaFX classes from the classpath is not supported. See Platform.startup for more information.

Deploying an Application as a Module

If the Application subclass is in a named module then that class must be accessible to the javafx.graphics module. Otherwise, an exception will be thrown when the application is launched. This means that in addition to the class itself being declared public, the module must export (or open) the containing package to at least the javafx.graphics module.

For example, if com.foo.MyApplication is in the foo.app module, the module-info.java might look like this: 

module foo.app {
    exports com.foo to javafx.graphics;
}

Parameters

Application parameters are available by calling the getParameters() method from the init() method, or any time after the init method has been called.

Threading

JavaFX creates an application thread for running the application start method, processing input events, and running animation timelines. Creation of JavaFX Scene and Stage objects as well as modification of scene graph operations to live objects (those objects already attached to a scene) must be done on the JavaFX application thread.

The Java launcher loads and initializes the specified Application class on the JavaFX Application Thread. If there is no main method in the Application class, or if the main method calls Application.launch(), then an instance of the Application is then constructed on the JavaFX Application Thread.

The init method is called on the launcher thread, not on the JavaFX Application Thread. This means that an application must not construct a Scene or a Stage in the init method. An application may construct other JavaFX objects in the init method.

All the unhandled exceptions on the JavaFX application thread that occur during event dispatching, running animation timelines, or any other code, are forwarded to the thread's uncaught exception handler.

Example

The following example will illustrate a simple JavaFX application.


import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class MyApp extends Application {
    public void start(Stage stage) {
        Circle circ = new Circle(40, 40, 30);
        Group root = new Group(circ);
        Scene scene = new Scene(root, 400, 300);

        stage.setTitle("My JavaFX Application");
        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();
    }
}

The above example will produce the following:

A black circle in the top left corner of scene

Since:
JavaFX 2.0
See Also:
Platform

  • Field Details

    • STYLESHEET_CASPIAN

      public static final String STYLESHEET_CASPIAN
      Constant for user agent stylesheet for the "Caspian" theme. Caspian is the theme that shipped as default in JavaFX 2.x.
      Since:
      JavaFX 8.0
      See Also:
      Constant Field Values

    • STYLESHEET_MODENA

      public static final String STYLESHEET_MODENA
      Constant for user agent stylesheet for the "Modena" theme. Modena is the default theme for JavaFX 8.x.
      Since:
      JavaFX 8.0
      See Also:
      Constant Field Values

  • Constructor Details

    • Application

      public Application()
      Constructs a new Application instance.

  • Method Details

    • launch

      public static void launch​(Class<? extends Application> appClass, String... args)
      Launch a standalone application. This method is typically called from the main method. It must not be called more than once or an exception will be thrown.

      The launch method does not return until the application has exited, either via a call to Platform.exit() or all of the application windows have been closed. The class specified by the appClass argument must be a public subclass of Application with a public no-argument constructor, in a package that is exported (or open) to at least the javafx.graphics module, or a RuntimeException will be thrown.

      Typical usage is: 

           public static void main(String[] args) {
         Application.launch(MyApp.class, args);
     }
      where MyApp is a subclass of Application.
      Parameters:
      appClass - the application class that is constructed and executed by the launcher.
      args - the command line arguments passed to the application. An application may get these parameters using the getParameters() method.
      Throws:
      IllegalStateException - if this method is called more than once.
      IllegalStateException - if this method is called from the JavaFX application thread.
      IllegalArgumentException - if appClass is not a subclass of Application.
      RuntimeException - if there is an error launching the JavaFX runtime, or if the application class cannot be constructed (e.g., if the class is not public or is not in an exported package), or if an Exception or Error is thrown by the Application constructor, init method, start method, or stop method.

    • launch

      public static void launch​(String... args)
      Launch a standalone application. This method is typically called from the main method. It must not be called more than once or an exception will be thrown. This is equivalent to launch(TheClass.class, args) where TheClass is the immediately enclosing class of the method that called launch. It must be a public subclass of Application with a public no-argument constructor, in a package that is exported (or open) to at least the javafx.graphics module, or a RuntimeException will be thrown.

      The launch method does not return until the application has exited, either via a call to Platform.exit() or all of the application windows have been closed.

      Typical usage is: 

           public static void main(String[] args) {
         Application.launch(args);
     }
      Parameters:
      args - the command line arguments passed to the application. An application may get these parameters using the getParameters() method.
      Throws:
      IllegalStateException - if this method is called more than once.
      IllegalStateException - if this method is called from the JavaFX application thread.
      RuntimeException - if there is an error launching the JavaFX runtime, or if the application class cannot be constructed (e.g., if the class is not public or is not in an exported package), or if an Exception or Error is thrown by the Application constructor, init method, start method, or stop method.

    • init

      public void init() throws Exception
      The application initialization method. This method is called immediately after the Application class is loaded and constructed. An application may override this method to perform initialization prior to the actual starting of the application.

      The implementation of this method provided by the Application class does nothing.

      NOTE: This method is not called on the JavaFX Application Thread. An application must not construct a Scene or a Stage in this method. An application may construct other JavaFX objects in this method.

      Throws:
      Exception - if something goes wrong

    • start

      public abstract void start​(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception
      The main entry point for all JavaFX applications. The start method is called after the init method has returned, and after the system is ready for the application to begin running.

      NOTE: This method is called on the JavaFX Application Thread.

      Parameters:
      primaryStage - the primary stage for this application, onto which the application scene can be set. Applications may create other stages, if needed, but they will not be primary stages.
      Throws:
      Exception - if something goes wrong

    • stop

      public void stop() throws Exception
      This method is called when the application should stop, and provides a convenient place to prepare for application exit and destroy resources.

      The implementation of this method provided by the Application class does nothing.

      NOTE: This method is called on the JavaFX Application Thread.

      Throws:
      Exception - if something goes wrong

    • getHostServices

      public final HostServices getHostServices()
      Gets the HostServices provider for this application. This provides the ability to get the code base and document base for this application, and to show a web page in a browser.
      Returns:
      the HostServices provider

    • getParameters

      public final Application.Parameters getParameters()
      Retrieves the parameters for this Application, including any arguments passed on the command line.

      NOTE: this method should not be called from the Application constructor, as it will return null. It may be called in the init() method or any time after that.

      Returns:
      the parameters for this Application, or null if called from the constructor.

    • notifyPreloader

      public final void notifyPreloader​(Preloader.PreloaderNotification info)
      Notifies the preloader with an application-generated notification. Application code calls this method with a PreloaderNotification that is delivered to the Preloader.handleApplicationNotification method. This is primarily useful for cases where an application wants the preloader to show progress during a long application initialization step.

      NOTE: the notification will be delivered only to the preloader's handleApplicationNotification() method; this means, for example, that if this method is called with a ProgressNotification, that notification will not be delivered to the Preloader.handleProgressNotification method.

      Parameters:
      info - the application-generated preloader notification

    • getUserAgentStylesheet

      public static String getUserAgentStylesheet()
      Get the user agent stylesheet used by the whole application. This is used to provide default styling for all ui controls and other nodes. A value of null means the platform default stylesheet is being used.

      NOTE: This method must be called on the JavaFX Application Thread.

      Returns:
      The URL to the stylesheet as a String.
      Since:
      JavaFX 8.0

    • setUserAgentStylesheet

      public static void setUserAgentStylesheet​(String url)
      Set the user agent stylesheet used by the whole application. This is used to provide default styling for all ui controls and other nodes. Each release of JavaFX may have a new default value for this so if you need to guarantee consistency you will need to call this method and choose what default you would like for your application. A value of null will restore the platform default stylesheet. This property can also be set on the command line with -Djavafx.userAgentStylesheetUrl=[URL] Setting it on the command line overrides anything set using this method in code.

      The URL is a hierarchical URI of the form [scheme:][//authority][path]. If the URL does not have a [scheme:] component, the URL is considered to be the [path] component only. Any leading '/' character of the [path] is ignored and the [path] is treated as a path relative to the root of the application's classpath.

      The RFC 2397 "data" scheme for URLs is supported in addition to the protocol handlers that are registered for the application. If a URL uses the "data" scheme and the MIME type is either empty, "text/plain", or "text/css", the payload will be interpreted as a CSS file. If the MIME type is "application/octet-stream", the payload will be interpreted as a binary CSS file (see Stylesheet.convertToBinary(File, File)).

      NOTE: This method must be called on the JavaFX Application Thread.

      Parameters:
      url - The URL to the stylesheet as a String.
      Since:
      JavaFX 8.0